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Polistes carolina
One of two types of Red Paper Wasps (''Polistes Carolina'') is species of social wasp (subfamily Polistinae) in the family Vespidae. They are most commonly found in the eastern US from Texas through Nebraska. The wasp’s common name is due to the reddish-brown color of its head and body. Red Paper wasps are known to construct some of the largest nests of any wasp species and prefer to build their nests in protected spaces.〔
== Taxonomy and phylogeny ==
The first description of ''Polistes carolina'' appears in the first volume of Carl Linnaeus' 12th edition of ''ラテン語:Systema Naturae'' published in 1767. In this volume he referred to the species as ''Vespa carolina''.〔 Ferdinand de Saussure later moved it to the genus ''Polistes'' in 1855 after Pierre Andre Latreille coined the new genus in 1802.''P. carolina'' is within the family Vespidae, which includes nearly all of the eusocial wasps and many of the solitary wasps. It is further placed within the subfamily Polistnae (paper wasps), which is the second largest of the subfamilies within Vespidae. Polistinae contains two main behavioral groups: swarm founding, involving a large numbers of workers and several queens, and independent founding, which involve a few workers and foundresses. (''P. carolina'' uses the latter.)
''Polistes carolina'' has been found to be most closely related to ''Polistes metricus.'' Recent phylogenetic analysis has shown that both ''Polistes carolina ''and ''Polistes metricus'' share a common ancestor with ''Polistes aurifer'' and ''Polistes fuscatus''
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